Cell: Ntaus phau ntawv nyeem! Tshaj tawm cov txheej txheem ntawm dopamine tso rau hauv lub hlwb

Tom qab xyoo dhau los ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm neurotransmitter dopamine hauv kev tswj lub cev muaj zog thiab muaj nqi zog kev coj ua, nws tau dhau los ua ntau qhov kev tsis txaus siab kom nkag siab txog nws cov kev ua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws siv rau hauv cov kab mob xws li Parkinson 's kab mob thiab quav cawv thaum muaj kev txawv txav hauv.

Txawm hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua rau muaj kev nce qib ntau, me ntsis yog paub txog lub tshuab los ntawm kev noj qab haus huv dopamine hlwb tso tawm cov neurotransmitter no. Cov kis no txwv cov kws tshawb fawb' muaj peev xwm los txhim kho kev kho mob kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kab mob dopamine.

Tam sim no, hauv txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tshiab, cov kws tshawb nrhiav los ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kho Mob Harvard tau txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem molecular lub luag haujlwm rau kev saib xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm dopamine hauv lub hlwb. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb cuam tshuam tau muab luam tawm hauv Cov Ntawv Xov Xwm Cell thaum Lub Ob Hlis 8, 2018, thiab daim ntawv muaj npe" Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas Dopamine Kev Tso Cai Kom Sib Haum Yog Media sib kis los ntawm Sparse Active Zone-zoo li Chaw Tso Tawm" ;.

Daim duab yog los ntawm Cell, doi: 10. 1016 / j.cell. 2018. 01. 008.

Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav no tau txheeb xyuas cov chaw tshwj xeeb hauv dopamine-ua cov neurons uas tso dopamine sai thiab qhia qhov tseeb-qhov kev tshawb pom no cuam tshuam txog li cas cov neurotransmitter xa cov cim hauv lub hlwb tam sim no cov qauv tsis sib haum.

Tus kws sau ntawv sau ntawv, Pascal Kaeser, tus pab xibfwb ntawm neurobiology ntawm Harvard Medical School, tau hais tias," Cov kab ke dopamine no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kabmob, tab sis qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias kev noj qab haus huv dopamine neurons tso tawm neurotransmitter no zoo li cas. Cov lus nug hauv theem pib muaj txiaj ntsig." Kev nkag siab zoo dua ntawm dopamine nyob rau hauv chav kuaj mob yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev muaj peev xwm kho tau cov kab mob qhov twg lub teeb liab dopamine tsis raug.

Hauv lub hlwb, txog 0. 01% ntawm cov neurons yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov tshuaj dopamine, tab sis lawv tswj cov haujlwm ntau yam ntawm lub hlwb, suav nrog kev tswj lub cev, cov khoom plig, kev kawm, thiab cim xeeb.

Kaeser tau hais tias kev tshawb fawb dopamine tsom nws txoj kev tsis ua haujlwm thiab cov protein txais uas neurons siv kom tau txais dopamine. Txawm hais tias tus neurotransmitter no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej, kev tshawb fawb ntawm yuav ua li cas nws tso tawm hauv lub hlwb tau txwv.

Tsis muaj ib qho ntxiv tas

Txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem molecular lub luag haujlwm rau dopamine secretion, Kaeser thiab nws cov npoj yaig tsom mus rau dopamine-ua cov neurons hauv nruab nrab, uas koom nrog hauv cov hluav taws xob neural uas ua rau muaj kev txav mus los thiab ua rau tus cwj pwm zoo.

Cov kws tshawb nrhiav no tau saib ua ntej rau thaj chaw muaj sia, ib qho kev qhia txog neurotransmitter tso nyob rau hauv kev hloov chaw (piv txwv li, ib tus neeg neuron hu rau lwm tus neuron). Siv super-resolution me me rau duab cov ntu ntawm lub hlwb los ntawm dopamine neurons, lawv pom tias dopamine neurons muaj cov protein ua cim tias muaj cov thaj tsam nquag.

Cov cheeb tsam nquag no qhia tau hais tias neurons tuaj yeem koom nrog kev sib kis ceev ceev, uas cov teeb liab neurotransmitter tau muab hloov ncaj qha los ntawm ib qho ntawm neuron mus rau lwm qhov hauv milliseconds.

Qhov no yog thawj pov thawj ntawm qhov muaj tshwm sim ntawm cov chaw nrawm nrawm hauv dopamine neurons, thiab ua ntej qhov no, cov neurons tau txiav txim siab tsuas yog koom nrog qhov sib luag sib kis (ntim kis), uas yog, no neurotransmitter hauv lub hlwb cov cim yog xa qeeb thiab tsis yog-tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw loj.

Qhov ntom ntawm thaj chaw muaj nyob hauv dopamine neurons yog qhov qis dua qhov ceev ntawm thaj chaw muaj nyob hauv lwm cov neurons, thiab kev sim txuas ntxiv nthuav qhia qhov tseeb yuav ua li cas neurotransmitter zais cia thiab tso tawm sai sai Reabsorb.

Kaeser hais tias," Kuv xav tias peb qhov kev tshawb pom yuav hloov peb txoj kev xav txog dopamine. Peb cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias dopamine tso tawm ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, nrog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov raug thiab nrawm, thiab ua ntej cov tib neeg xav tias Dopamine muaj kev maj mam zais thiab tsis meej."

Hauv lwm txoj kev sim, cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau siv cov cuab yeej caj ces tshem tawm ntau yam cov roj ntsha hauv cheeb tsam. Tshem tawm ib qho protein tshwj xeeb hu ua RIM yuav luag txaus tiv thaiv dopamine zais ntshis hauv cov nas. RIM cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam kabmob xws li neuropsychiatric ntshawv siab thiab kev loj hlob tsis zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis suav nrog lwm tus nquag siv cov protein muaj cov nyhuv me rau kev tso tawm dopamine, hais tias dopamine tso pa yog nyob ntawm tus txheej txheem molecular cim.

Changliang Liu, thawj tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tom qab kev kawm hauv Kaeser' s kuaj, hais tias," Peb cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias cov cim dopamine tau teeb tsa ntau dua li kev xav yav tas los."

Liu hais tias," Peb paub tseeb tias cheeb tsam nquag thiab RIM cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob xws li schizophrenia thiab autism spectrum cuam tshuam hauv tib neeg kev tshawb fawb caj ces yog qhov tseem ceeb rau dopamine teeb liab kis. Cov tswv yim tshiab tau txheeb no yuav cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob no Tej zaum nws yuav ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm cov tswv yim kho tshiab tshiab yav tom ntej."

Cov kws tshawb nrhiav no tau kawm txog cov cheeb tsam nquag no kom paub meej ntxiv kom lawv nkag siab tob dua txog lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev xa cov cim dopamine thiab yuav kho lawv li cas.

Kaeser tau hais tias," Peb tau nqis peev ntau lub zog hauv kev nkag siab zoo rau tag nrho cov tshuaj dopamine cov paib. Txog rau tam sim no, feem ntau cov kev kho mob muab lub hlwb nrog dopamine ntau heev, uas ua rau cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tsis txhob ua kom tawg, yog li nws yuav ua rau ntau cov kev mob tshwm sim."

Nws hais tias," Peb qhov kev cia siab ntev yog txheeb xyuas cov protein uas tsuas yog kho cov dopamine zais cia. Xav txog tias los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov dopamine tso, peb yuav tuaj yeem rov tsim dua cov teeb liab zoo li qub hauv lub hlwb.

qhov chaw: changliang Liu, Lauren Kershberg, Jiexin Wang li al.Dopamine Kev Thooj Sij Hawm Tau Sib Koom Los Ntawm Chaw Sib Tw Tshav Chaw Zoo Li Cov Chaw Tso TawmCov. Cell, 8 Lub Ob Hlis 2018, 172 (4): 706 - 718, doi: 10. {{6 }} 16 / j.cell. 2018. 01. 008.